A. Swap Odd and Even
import sys
def solve():
input = sys.stdin.readline
mod = 10 ** 9 + 7
s = list(str(input().rstrip('\n')))
for i in range(len(s) // 2):
s[i * 2], s[i * 2 + 1] = s[i * 2 + 1], s[i * 2]
print("".join(s))
if __name__ == '__main__':
solve()
B. Call the ID Number
import sys
def solve():
input = sys.stdin.readline
mod = 10 ** 9 + 7
n = int(input().rstrip('\n'))
a = list(map(int, input().rstrip('\n').split()))
ans = [i + 1 for i in range(n)]
for i in range(n):
if ans[i] == i + 1:
ans[a[i]-1] = -1
ans = list(filter(lambda x: x != -1, ans))
print(len(ans))
print(*ans)
if __name__ == '__main__':
solve()
C. Make Takahashi Happy
import copy
import sys
import collections
def solve():
input = sys.stdin.readline
mod = 10 ** 9 + 7
h, w = list(map(int, input().rstrip('\n').split()))
a = [list(map(int, input().rstrip('\n').split())) for _ in range(h)]
d = collections.defaultdict(int)
d[a[0][0]]
ql = [[0, 0, 0, d]]
ql = collections.deque(ql)
ans = 0
while True:
if len(ql) != 0:
cost, xv, yv, d = ql.popleft()
for xv, yv in [[xv + 1, yv], [xv, yv + 1]]:
if 0 <= xv < h and 0 <= yv < w:
if a[xv][yv] not in d:
if xv == h-1 and yv == w-1:
ans += 1
else:
cd = copy.deepcopy(d)
cd[a[xv][yv]]
ql.append([cost + 1, xv, yv, cd])
else:
break
print(ans)
if __name__ == '__main__':
solve()